Fri 3-31-17

1. TEST

hwk: none

Test Review  POPULATION GENETICS  (Evolution Test #2)

1.     Whether or not a trait is suited or not suited depends on the _environment__.

2.     Define fitness. The ability to survive and reproduce

3.     The result of natural selection is…  changes in the inherited characteristics of a population over time, changes in the gene pool over time

4.     What is a gene pool?  The total genes (or alleles) carried by members of a population

5.     What is allele frequency?  How often an allele appears in a population

6.     Natural selections acts directly on   genotype/phenotype (Circle one.)

7.     Natural selections causes _gene pools/allele frequencies ___ to change over time.

8.     Define mutation    change in the DNA

9.     What other 2 things, besides mutation, lead to variation?   Sexual reproduction and lateral gene transfer

10.  What is the difference b/w a single gene trait and a polygenic trait?  Single gene trait results in 2 phenotypes, whereas a polygenic trait results in several phenotypes (bell curve)

11.  Know directional, stabilizing, and disruptive selection.  (See graphs)

12.  Define genetic drift.  A change in the allele frequency due to a CHANGE event

13.  What is genetic equilibrium?  When the allele frequency stays exactly the same

14.  What is the Hardy-Weinburg Principle?  Large population, no mutations, random mating, no immigration/emigration, no natural selection

15.  What is reproductive isolation?   List and define the 3 types.  The separation of populations such that they can’t interbreed,   geographical isolation, behavioral isolation, temporal isolation.

16.  What defines the members of a species?  Can interbreed and have fertile offspring

17.  Define and explain speciation.  Formation of a new species, such as the finches on the Galapogos Islands